There are paintings in various places in our daily lives.
When you were a student, many of you probably learned about various painters and paintings in art class.
Of course, there are probably some people who say, "I go to museums and exhibitions to see paintings, but I don't know the exact era or genre..."
This time, we will explain when painting began, what genres of painting there are, and famous painters in each genre!
table of contents
1. How did painting begin?
2. Painting genre (modern painting, contemporary art, Japanese painting, modern Japanese art)
3. Famous artists in each genre
4. Summary
How did painting begin?
When you think of a "painting," you probably imagine something framed or painted on a panel.
In fact, the definition of painting is very broad: "something that expresses the shape, outline, or form of an object using lines and colors."
The origins of painting date back to prehistoric times.
The oldest known paintings are said to be cave paintings dating back over 65,000 years (they are said to have been painted by Neanderthals!).
By the way, it is said that painting in Japan began around the Yayoi period.
Painting genre
◎Modern painting
It is also called modern art !
Up until then, most paintings were realistic, and there was a strong sentiment that realistic paintings were good, but painters known as "(Late) Impressionists" such as Monet and Cezanne created works that overturned these values.
Works created during this period, roughly between 1860 and 1970, are often referred to as "modern paintings."
◎Modern art
It is also called modern art or contemporary art .
What distinguishes them from realistic paintings and the aforementioned modern paintings is that they "reflect questions about the state of affairs and problems of modern society in their works, and are avant-garde works that are not bound by the concepts or stereotypes of fine art or artistic works ."
However, the interpretation and expression of contemporary art is expanding year by year, and since there is a loose designation of the era as "contemporary," it is a genre that is difficult to define in general terms.
◎Japanese painting
We've featured it in a previous column!
Japanese painting is a genre whose techniques are still passed down by various artists today.
The term "Nihonga" only began to be used in the Meiji period, but the techniques and styles themselves appear to have been introduced from China and the Korean Peninsula during the Nara and Heian periods.
◎Modern Japanese Western Paintings
Until then, unique paintings such as Japanese paintings were the norm, but around the Meiji period, when exchanges with foreign countries and the adoption of foreign cultures began to flourish, Western-style paintings began to be produced in Japan as well.
Japanese artists who were impressed by the realistic depictions of Western paintings adopted the technique, and it has become a popular style even today.
Famous artists in each genre (titles omitted)
Modern painting
Claude Monet
"Water lily"
When you think of Monet, this is probably the work that comes to mind for many people.
I've actually seen the original artwork up close, and it's a much larger and more impressive piece than I imagined...!
When viewed up close, it was not like the lotus leaves were depicted in beautiful ovals, and it was very moving to see how the impression changed completely when viewed up close and from afar.
He has painted many paintings under the title Water Lilies, each with a different atmosphere, and the use of colors that convey the weather and climate of the time is fascinating.
Vincent van Gogh
sunflower
Van Gogh is known to many for his paintings of sunflowers.
This painting of sunflowers is famous for being a multiple piece, not just one!
He originally painted many sunflowers to send to artists he invited to live with him in an attempt to create a community.
However, only one person accepted the invitation...that's the sad story behind it, but if you're interested, be sure to check out the history surrounding Van Gogh!
It's as if decades of life were condensed into 10 years, and I think the artwork gains even more depth when you learn about the artist's history.
Edouard Manet
Boy playing the flute
This is a work by Manet, who is also known as the "father of modern painting."
You can see the original painting at the Musée d'Orsay in Paris! (It's huge!)
Compared to the impressionist works of Monet and Van Gogh, Manet's paintings seem more realistic and some may think, "Is this modern painting?" However, Manet's ideas and works that reject perspective had a great influence on impressionist painters and were highly praised.
Contemporary Painting (Contemporary Art)
There are many artists who are still active in contemporary painting, and due to copyright protection periods, we will introduce their works in writing.
Yayoi Kusama
He is a world-famous artist known for his polka dot artwork!
In addition to his flat works, his work has also been used to design the yellow pumpkins in Naoshima, hotel interiors, and buses, so you will often see his work in a variety of places, regardless of the medium.
It seems that his start in drawing polka dots was due to the schizophrenia he suffered from as a child, and he also spent time studying Japanese painting and other fields, and worked overseas.
Takashi Murakami
He is an artist with an impressive pop style .
Personally, I was impressed by the T-shirt design for the 2008 24-Hour Television Program.
However, behind his pop style, which may appear simple at first glance, lies a variety of painting techniques and ideas at its core. He studied Japanese painting at Tokyo University of the Arts and is the organizer of the artist collective Kaikai Kiki, as well as the art event GEISAI, which supports young artists, contributing to contemporary art activities in a wide range of fields.
Andy Warhol
He is a famous artist who played a major role in the birth of pop art .
I'm sure many of you are particularly familiar with the vividly printed pictures of Marilyn Monroe.
He created numerous works using a printing method known as silkscreen printing, and it can be said that he expanded into other areas of the art world while gaining popularity as pop art and commercial painting.
Modern Japanese Painting
Tadashi Asai
sewing
Born in Edo, he is known as a Western-style painter of the Meiji period.
After studying oil painting and drawing in Japan, he traveled abroad to countries such as France and China, establishing himself as a painter.
He was also active as an educator, contributing to the development of painters and future generations as a professor and vice principal at universities in Tokyo and Kyoto.
He is a painter who paints many landscapes, and it is said that his works, which mainly feature people in "sewing"-like figures, are rare among his works.
Ryusei Kishida
Girl/Standing Statue of Reiko
He was a Western-style painter active from the Taisho to Showa periods.
Born into a businessman who runs a pharmacy, his younger brother is a playwright for the Takarazuka Revue, and his family is active in a wide range of fields.
He was a bit of a germaphobe, nervous, and had a short temper, so it seems he wasn't able to build good relationships with everyone, but there were still many people who admired him throughout his life.
Kuroda Seiki
Asako
He is a Western-style painter who represents modern Japanese art. His success in the Western-style painting world, particularly around the mid-Meiji period, extended his influence to the literary world as a whole.
He did not start out as a painter, but rather studied law and other subjects before switching to painting. In addition to painting, he has also been heavily involved in the development of art in Japan, teaching French and founding art organizations.
summary
There are many different genres of painting, each with its own unique rules and tendencies...!
In particular, with each passing year, various techniques, methods of expression, and names for contemporary art have been created, so I feel like I can't take my eyes off future trends.
Just knowing about the origins and techniques of painting will make your visit to museums and galleries that much more enjoyable, so be sure to check it out!
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Written by: MIKIKO
FROM ARTIST Management staff. I write columns. I provide management support so that we can convey the appeal of artists.
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CEO of BUSCA LLC. Head of FROM ARTIST. Started his career as a marketer, he worked for a business company and an advertising agency before going independent. He completed marketing-related programs at several graduate schools and business schools, including the University of California, Berkeley and London Business School. He also completed the MBA core curriculum at Macquarie University and studied the importance of art in education at the University of British Columbia.
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